3D-printed and privately manufactured firearms
Through our intelligence assessments, we understand the growing concerns over the emergence of privately manufactured firearms – including those that are fully or partially 3D-printed – in Australian communities. While most firearms linked to serious and organised crime are traditionally manufactured firearms that have been diverted into the illicit market, authorities are increasingly encountering firearms manufactured outside regulated supply chains.
A recent Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission (ACIC) threat assessment examined the evolving landscape of privately manufactured firearms in Australia, focusing on criminal intent, capability, and market dynamics. Although no deaths have yet been attributed to these weapons, the agency cautions that advancements in 3D-printing technology and the widespread availability of online instructions could accelerate their adoption by criminal networks.
The assessment is intended to inform government and law enforcement policy, particularly where legislative updates may be required to address emerging threats.
“We are actively monitoring the growing presence of privately manufactured firearms, which pose a serious risk to public safety and frontline officers,” said Dr Katie Willis, acting Executive Director Mission Coordination and Analysis.
“While these weapons are not yet widespread, the technology and knowledge to produce them is becoming more accessible, and that’s a concern we cannot ignore.”
A landmark reform in gun control
The National Firearms Register (NFR), a priority of National Cabinet, will be operational by 1 July 2028, and provide a comprehensive, near real-time view of registered firearms, suppressors, and licence holders across the country.
Backed by a $161.3 million investment over 4 years (2024–28), the NFR will enhance law enforcement’s ability to assess firearms risks, trace weapons across borders, and share critical information between police agencies. It will also support dealer licence verification, issue alerts for high-risk events, and offers national reporting and analysis capabilities.
The ACIC will coordinate with partners, leveraging its intelligence systems to support the register’s implementation. While enforcement remains the responsibility of states and territories, the Commonwealth oversees import and export controls.
The NFR will enhance existing ACIC systems like the Australian Firearms Information Network (AFIN) and the National Firearms Identification Database, and enable faster access to more accurate data from state, territory and Commonwealth firearm registries and portals. Strict safeguards will ensure the enhanced AFIN system is secure and accessible only to law enforcement and select agencies.
“This initiative marks the most significant enhancement of Australia's firearms management systems in nearly 3 decades. With all governments and jurisdictions dedicated to completing this landmark program within 4 years, it promises to significantly improve the safety of both the community and the police,” said Jeremy Johnson, Executive Director Business and Partnerships.
Firearms continue to be a top priority for our agency. Whether it’s through threat assessments or using our intelligence capabilities, we’re focused on identifying and addressing risks to keep our people and communities safe.